Homebrew
Introduction
Homebrew is a package manger, and it supports macOSandLinuxas for now. It mainly includes four part: brew, homebrew-core , homebrew-cask, homebrew-bottles.
| 名称 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| brew | Homebrew 源代码仓库 |
| homebrew-core | Homebrew 核心源 |
| homebrew-cask | 提供 macOS 应用和大型二进制文件的安装 |
| homebrew-bottles | 预编译二进制软件包 |
相关用到的脚本 [homebrew-install][github] 都托管在GitHub上。
Sometimes there maybe a delay and no found for some package when using mirror. In this case, homebrew wil fall back to default domain.
Homebrew 可以安装 Apple 没有预装但非常需要的东西。它会将软件包安装到独立目录，并将其文件软链接至 /usr/local。
- macOS Intel:
/usr/local - macOS ARM:
/opt/homebrew - Linux:
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew
Install
Paste below in a macOS Terminal or Linux shell prompt.
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
Command Usage
安装包
brew install <package@version>
brew 要及时更新，否则 brew install 有些包新的版本可能找不到。
卸载包
brew rm <package> # 删除某个包
brew uninstall <package> # 删除某个包
brew uninstall --force <package> # 删除所有版本
搜索包
brew search <package>
列出已安装的包
brew list
You can also use grep to filter package:
$ brew list | grep python
python@3.10
python@3.8
python@3.9
更新 Homebrew 自己
更新包，把所有的 Formula 目录更新，并且会对本机已经安装并有更新的软件用 * 标明。
brew update
更新包
brew upgrade # 更新所有的包
brew upgrade <package> # 更新指定的包
查看哪些安装包需要更新
brew outdated
查看安装包的相关信息
brew info <package> # 显示某个包的信息
brew info # 显示安装了包数量，文件数量，和总占用空间
brew deps --installed --tree # 查看已安装的包的依赖，树形显示
显示包依赖
brew deps
brew deps --installed --tree # 显示包的依赖树
清理旧版本
brew cleanup # 清理所有包的旧版本
brew cleanup <package> # 清理指定包的旧版本
brew cleanup -n # 查看可清理的旧版本包，不执行实际操作
启动 web 服务器
可以通过浏览器访问 http://localhost:4567/ 来同网页来管理包:
brew server
锁定不想更新的包
brew pin <package> # 锁定某个包
brew unpin <package> # 取消锁定
Mirror
mirror 网速（好坏）顺序：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn > https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew > https://github.com/Homebrew/
# ustc 只有以下4个
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-versions)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask-versions.git
# 其他用 tsinghua 作为第二选择，还有一些 tsinghua 也没有的就默认 github 官方的
# 如果运行后显示没有repo就略过
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-fonts)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-drivers)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-drivers.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/command-not-found)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git
更换上游后需重新设置 git 仓库 HEAD：
brew update-reset
更换镜像本质上就是修改本地 brew git repo 的 remote url.
如果要想换回官方的就把以上 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn 和https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew 换成 https://github.com/Homebrew 后重新执行一遍：
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew//brew.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-versions)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-fonts)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-drivers)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask-drivers.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/command-not-found)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git
In fact, homebrew repo is git repo. You can go to the following path to see what consist of homebrew:
$ ll /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 17 xx admin 544B Oct 8 2021 homebrew-cask
drwxr-xr-x 11 xx admin 352B Feb 24 10:10 homebrew-cask-drivers
drwxr-xr-x 13 xx admin 416B Feb 24 10:09 homebrew-cask-fonts
drwxr-xr-x 12 xx admin 384B Feb 24 10:06 homebrew-cask-versions
drwxr-xr-x 14 xx admin 448B Feb 24 10:10 homebrew-command-not-found
drwxr-xr-x 16 xx admin 512B Oct 8 2021 homebrew-core
drwxr-xr-x 13 xx admin 416B Jan 17 13:46 homebrew-services
To check homebrew git remote url, run:
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote get-url origin
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
If encounter no such file or directory when change mirror url as following:
$ git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew//brew.git
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
$ git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-versions)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions.git
fatal: cannot change to '/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions': No such file or directory
Go to /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew, and then run:
$ gcl https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask-versions.git
Cloning into 'homebrew-cask-versions'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 254739, done.
remote: Total 254739 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 254739
Receiving objects: 100% (254739/254739), 66.53 MiB | 15.62 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (176688/176688), done.
Issues
1. There is no permission when run `brew install`
For Example:
$ brew install podman-compose
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/portable-ruby/portable-ruby/blobs/sha256:1f50bf80583bd436c9542d4fa5ad47df0ef0f0bea22ae710c4f04c42d7560bca
####################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################### 100.0%
==> Pouring portable-ruby-2.6.8_1.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.jws.json
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/cask.jws.json
######################################################################## 100.0%
Error: The following directories are not writable by your user:
/usr/local/bin
You should change the ownership of these directories to your user.
sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/bin
And make sure that your user has write permission.
chmod u+w /usr/local/bin
Ensure you have the sudo permission and run as tips:
$ sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/bin
$ chmod u+w /usr/local/bin
2. homebrew-core is a shallow clone.
Remove homebrew-core and run brew update again.
If it's hard to download after removing homebrew-core, you can change to other mirror as follows:
cd /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew
git clone https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git